Summary
Thomas Aquinas: On Being and Essence
On Being and Essence, Thomas is the only strictly philosophical writing. Much of it is good medieval Aristotelianism; the saint deals there with important topics of Aristotelian metaphysics, and that is why the work On Being and Being is an example of scholastic philosophy in the best sense. However, although he was a great school philosopher, the General Teacher was a brilliant world philosopher: "Thomas Aquinas could not posit esse as an act of substance itself that is actualized by its form, without at the same time making a decision that, considering Aristotle's metaphysics, is nothing less than revolutionary. He simply set out to separate the two concepts, form and act. This is exactly what he achieved and what perhaps remains to this day the greatest contribution that any individual has ever made to the science of being", wrote Etienne Jillson. In this writing, being as "the reality of all acts and therefore the perfection of all perfections", i.e. esse ut actus (and no longer just the Aristotelian esse in actu) appears in Aquinas's argument for a real composition between esse and essentia in created beings, that not at all Aristotelian "deepest and most characteristic aspect of Thomas's metaphysics" (Cornelio Fabro).
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