Summary
Jacques Le Goff: The Medieval Civilization of Western Europe
The wheel of fortune, that symbol so dear to medieval Western Europe, turns for epochs and even for civilizations. Idealizing memories also transforms the collective past. The myth of the "beautiful age" is often created in favor of yesterday: the French of the 14th century mentioned with nostalgia the "good time of Saint Louis". Then idealization often gives way to disparagement and oblivion. Later, the discovery of new documents, the passage of time, new points of view, changes in fashion, also change the image of the past, turn the wheel. Golden legends and black legends alternate.
The Middle Ages passed that cycle of historical views. The Renaissance and Classicism saw the Middle Ages in black. It was the time of art called "Gothic", barbaric scholasticism, and the English found a good formula: The dark ages. The revolution of 1789, which abolished "feudal" rights in France, and sounded their funeral bells in Europe, gave the Middle Ages, which is equated in political and social terms with feudalism, a content also worthy of contempt. The term "feudal" becomes derogatory. Romanticism began to turn the tide. The love of ruins has spread from ancient temples to ruined fortresses and unfinished cathedrals. The passion for these objects of dreams grew to the point that they wanted to restore, beautify, restore them or, where they were still in the plan, make them... The real medieval was replaced by the learned medieval, the neo-gothic charmed the clergy, the bourgeoisie and the Americans. The troubadour genre, Walter Scott's novels, Quasimodo and Emerijo, elevated the Middle Ages to the throne in literature, and Velen invented a vast and refined Middle Ages.
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