Burke Peter: Francuska istorijska revolucija

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Francuska istorijska revolucija

Burke Peter

Summary

 

Peter Burke: The French Historical Revolution

 

Many of the most innovative, significant and valuable historical works of the twentieth century were written in France. La nouvelle histoire, as it is sometimes called, is famous as French and just as controversial as la nouvelle cuisine.

1. A significant part of this new history is the work of a group that collaborated in a magazine founded in 1929, which is very aptly known as Annals.

2. Others generally call this group the "school of Anal", emphasizing what they have in common, while those within the group often deny the existence of such a group, emphasizing individual approaches within the group.

3. At the center of the group are Lucien Febvre, Marc Bloch, Fernand Braudel, Georges Duby, Jacques Le Goff and Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie. Closer to the edge are Ernest Labrousse, Pierre Vilar, Maurice Aguillon and Michel Vovelle, four prominent historians whose adherence to the Marxist approach to history - especially Vilar's - leaves them outside the inner circle. On the margins or outside of it are Roland Mousnier and Michel Foucault, who are briefly mentioned in this study because of the overlap between their historical interests and those related to the Annals.
The journal, now more than sixty years old, was founded to promote a new kind of history and it continues to encourage innovation. The main ideas of the Annals can be summarized as follows. First, instead of the traditional presentation of events, the introduction of problem-oriented analytical history. Second, the history of a large number of human activities instead of mainly political history. And thirdly, in order to achieve the first two goals - cooperation with other disciplines: geography, sociology, economics, linguistics, social anthropology, etc. As Febvre put it, with his characteristic use of the imperative, "Historians, be geographers. Be lawyers, sociologists, and psychologists."

4. He was always ready to "break down barriers" (abattre les cloisons) and fight against narrow specialization, l'esprit de spécialité.

5. Similarly, Braudel wrote his Mediterranean the way he did to "prove that history can do more than study walled gardens".

 

 

 

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