Summary
Jonathan Fenby: A History of Modern China
The Decline and Rise of a Great Power 1850 - 2008
China entered the second half of the nineteenth century as an Asian patient, shaken by constant rebellions and large-scale natural disasters, in the shadow of an outdated imperial system which, having left its glory days far behind, could not protect it from the humiliations caused by unscrupulous foreign invasions. Karl Marx described its recent state of disintegration as 'a mummy carefully guarded in a hermetically sealed coffin'. The first half of the twentieth century was even worse. The republic, which replaced the empire, was ruled by local warlords, before a languid dictatorship followed, followed by a fourteen-year Japanese invasion that resulted in mass destruction and death. Then came four years of civil war, from which was born the thirty-year, unpredictable and violent rule of Mao Zedong, who left behind a long list of failed experiments, famine epidemics and mass purges in which tens of millions of people were killed, and the climax of which was the nightmare called the Cultural Revolution. The People's Republic of China (PRC) is entering the 21st century as a major world power, experiencing an economic explosion and boldly believing that the moment is approaching when it will rival the United States on the world stage. As its past results since the beginning of the economic reform in 1978 have been nothing short of spectacular, it can be said that this tendency will continue; equally, if China finds itself in trouble, the whole world will feel the consequences.
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