Summary
Johan Huizinga: Autumn of the Middle Ages
Johan Huizinga, Dutch cultural historian and thinker (Groningen, 7. XII. 1872 – De Steeg, 1. II. 1945). Professor in Groningen (1905–15) and Leiden (1915–42), chairman of the philological-historical department of the Royal Academy in Amsterdam. For II. of the World War in German captivity. An expert on Indian literature and culture, but he gained world fame with his works on medieval cultural history (Autumn of the Middle Ages – Herfsttij der middeleuwen, 1919). In order to depict the spiritual state of certain historical periods, Huizinga reached out to all available sources: literary and artistic documents, personal correspondence, daily chronicles, language analysis, etc. In his cultural and historical works, he explored the "style of life", which he considered to be the core of understanding each cultural epoch. He opposed the crude schemes of historical determinism and emphasized aesthetics as one of the fundamental values in the study of individual civilizations. In his main philosophical work Homo ludens (1938), he understands civilization as a complete and designed expression of active factors: games and conventions. A thinker and historian who marked the further development of historical science and its turn towards the study of everyday topics, although sometimes criticized for superficiality and generalization. Other significant works: Dutch culture in the 17th century. st.(Holländische Kultur des siebzehnten Jahrhunderts, 1933), In the shadow of tomorrow (In de schaduwen van Morgen, 1935).
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