Summary
John Ralston Saul: Voltaire's Freaks
The Dictatorship of Reason in the West
In a detailed anatomy of modern society and its political, economic and cultural origins, the author explores the reasons for the deepening sense of crisis and confusion. The Western world is full of paradoxes: there is constant talk of personal freedom, but never before has there been more pressure to conform and conform. Our businessmen describe themselves as capitalists, but they are corporate employees and financial speculators. We are obsessed with bidding and competition, yet the single largest part of international trade is the subsidized arms market. We call our governments democracies, and very few people participate in politics. We complain about "invasive government", yet our legal, educational, financial, social, cultural and legislative systems are constantly deteriorating. While many view these problems separately, Saul shows that they are the result of a blind faith in the value of reason. During the last 400 years, our "rational elites" gradually introduced reforms in every sphere of social life, but Saul shows that they were also responsible for the greatest troubles and violence of the same period. This paradox arises from a simple truth that our elites deny: far from being a moral force, reason is no more than an administrative, technocratic method. This denial has helped turn the modern Western world into a vast, incomprehensible, directionless machine run by process-oriented experts - "Voltaire's freaks" - whose cult of scientific management is devoid of both meaning and morality. Whether in politics, art, business, military, entertainment, science, finance, journalism, literary criticism or academia, these experts share the same understandings and methods. The result of all this is a civilization of enormous technological power, whose peoples are increasingly excluded from the decision-making process, living more and more in a world of illusions and with a feeling of disenfranchisement and frustration.
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