Summary
Eric A. Havelock: Preface to Plato
Plato's frontal attack on poetry has always been a problem for sympathetic students, who have often minimized or avoided it. Beginning with the premise that the attack must be taken seriously, Eric Havelock shows that Plato's hostility is explained by the continued dominance of the poetic tradition in contemporary Greek thought. The reason for the dominance of this tradition was technological. In an illiterate culture, the stored experience necessary for cultural stability had to be preserved as poetry in order to be remembered. Plato attacks the poets, especially Homer, as the only source of Greek moral and technical instructions - Mr. Havelock shows how the Iliad functioned as an oral encyclopedia. Under the label of mimesis, Plato condemns the poetic process of emotional identification and the necessity of presenting the content as a series of specific images in the continuation of the narration. The second part of the book talks about Platonic forms as an aspect of an increasingly rational culture. Literate Greece required, instead of poetic discourse, a vocabulary and sentence structure simultaneously abstract and explicit in which experience can be described normatively and analytically: in short, the language of ethics and science.
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