Summary
Peter J. Williamson: Duce - The Contradictions of Power
The Political Leadership of Benito Mussolini
(the book is in English)
Eighty years after the fall of Benito Mussolini, controversy remains over what his dictatorship represented.
This reflects the different sides of the Duce's leadership: although he was adept at cultivating and exercising his personal political power, Mussolini's lack of insight into the demands of governance prevented him from turning that power into influence to achieve his goals. His efforts to retain the support of Italy's conservative elites - economic, social and political - also created tensions with his radical fascist ambitions, eroding the momentum behind his regime.
Mussolini is often portrayed as a charismatic leader, but his rule was secured mainly by coercion, violence and the "spoils system". Nevertheless, his cult of personality enjoyed considerable popularity, even if it was based on a political myth. This allowed him to consolidate his position and dominate his fascist colleagues - but at the cost of overly centralized, dysfunctional decision-making.
In this book, the first comprehensive study of Mussolini in English in nearly two decades, Peter J. Williamson brings to life the contradictions within the Duce's leadership. Using a wide range of sources, Williamson reveals how these conflicts hampered the dictator's ambitions, leaving him increasingly frustrated, while most Italians suffered severe deprivation from both failure and fascism.
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