Summary
Jelena Subotić: Yellow Star, Red Star
Remembrance of the Holocaust after Communism
The author explores how states use the politics of memory to resolve current insecurities. In Eastern Europe, she argues, post-communist states sought to be accepted as "fully European," but to be European is to share the cosmopolitan narratives of the 20th century, and perhaps the most important of these is to accept a primarily Western understanding of the Holocaust. However, these countries build their national identities on the memory of Stalinism and the Soviet occupation. The Western European view of the Holocaust made it possible to identify the communist regimes as the perpetrators of the crime.
The Holocaust as a fundamental discourse also arouses indignation because it is perceived as placing the Jewish victim before the victim of other ethnic groups. Moreover, Subotić argues, the Western focus on Jewish suffering raises uncomfortable questions about local complicity and the material and political benefits that followed.
Post-communist states solved these insecurities by radically revising the memory of the Holocaust: they turned the crimes of the Holocaust into the crimes of communism. The criminal past is not denied, but responsibility is misdirected by washing national complicity and criminalizing communism. Subotić analyzes contemporary Holocaust memory practices in three countries: Serbia, Croatia and Lithuania. They have different histories of the Holocaust, but all have carried out impressive projects of replacing the crimes of the Holocaust with the crimes of communism.
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