Summary
Ole Martin Hoystad: A Cultural History of the Soul
Most people believe they have a soul, but few are able to explain what it is, except to say that it is something personal and internal. We meet the soul every day in speech: we know about pure, good and simple souls, about soulful and soulless people, about those who have lost or sold their soul, we pass by buildings that someone built "for the soul" (endowments), before parting with the soul, some file lawsuits against those they believe have caused pain to their soul, and others go to those who professionally take care of the soul, try to know its secrets and depths, preserve its health and remove diseases souls. The soul is omnipresent, from churches and schools to courtrooms and hospitals, and yet its meaning is difficult to define. Are they only figurative language expressions, metaphors for one's own characteristics, or does the word "soul" refer to something that is real and essential, to a separate dimension in man equal to reason, feelings or consciousness?
As often as we encounter the soul in everyday speech, we also encounter it in religions, philosophy and literature. The soul was the prism through which man and human life were observed and explained. Socrates' call to the Athenians to take care of their soul, and the Christian message about the preservation and salvation of the soul are the basis for the image of man in Western culture. Despite the enormous significance and presence of the question of the soul, Professor Ule Martin Hejstad embarked on the cultural archeology of the soul, in an attempt to show its concept and definition starting from antiquity to the present day, in describing its action in the works of important philosophers and writers, in an attempt to explain its indeterminable, immaterial and mystical aspects and to answer the questions of whether it is still a necessary dimension of our anthropology and self-concept. "Cultural history of the soul" looks at the understanding of the soul in other cultures, especially in Buddhism and Islam, where the fate of the soul in this life and the future plays an important role and where it is a motivating political factor.
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