Summary
Steven Runciman: Medieval Manichaeism
This is Sir Stephen Runciman's classic study of the dualistic heretical tradition in Christianity from its Gnostic sources, through Armenia, Byzantium and the Balkans, to its final flowering in Italy and southern France. This book was first published in 1947, and this new edition is supplemented by a short preface discussing the most significant recent works on the subject, with an additional bibliography.
The main danger facing early Christianity came from the heretical dualistic sect founded by the prophet Mani in the mid-3rd century. "(During that century, Manichean churches were established in the area from the Mediterranean countries in the west to Turkestan in the east. Although Manichaeism did not succeed in supplanting Orthodox Christianity, the Church was extremely terrified, giving it epithets of hatred, which are present to this day ....
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