Summary
Aron Gurevich: Individual and Society in the Medieval West
Aron Yakovlevich Gurevich (1924-2006), a famous Russian scientist, author of a large number of works on the history of the European Middle Ages, in this book reveals the features of the personal self-awareness of a medieval man. Contrary to the widespread opinion about the "birth of personality" during the Renaissance, Gurevič advocates a point of view according to which the human personality existed even in the Middle Ages, but with specific features, which deeply differed from the personality of the modern age. Not limiting himself to the characterization of such individuals as Aurelius Augustine or Gviber of Nožanski, Abelard or Dante, the author considers the self-awareness of the medieval peasant and citizen, he tries to show personality traits, the symptoms of which can be detected in the entire mass of society and proves the irreducibility of personality history to the idea of "even progress". Special attention was paid to "archaic individualism" - an immanent feature of Germanic-Scandinavian society until the affirmation of the class-corporate principle in the Christian era and the teaching of pride as one of the mortal sins significantly limited the expression of individuality. In the opinion of this author, it is precisely the problem of personality that could become the main task of historical anthropology in our time.
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